āvṛitaṁ jñānam etena jñānino nitya-vairiṇā
kāma-rūpeṇa kaunteya duṣhpūreṇānalena cha
Word meanings
āvṛitam—covered; jñānam—knowledge; etena—by this; jñāninaḥ—of the wise; nitya-vairiṇā—by the perpetual enemy; kāma-rūpeṇa—in the form of desires; kaunteya—Arjun the son of Kunti; duṣhpūreṇa—insatiable; analena—like fire; cha—and
English translation
O Arjuna, wisdom is enveloped by this constant enemy of the wise, in the form of desire, which is insatiable like fire.
Translation by Swami Sivananda
Hindi meaning
।।3.39।। हे कौन्तेय ! अग्नि के समान जिसको तृप्त करना कठिन है ऐसे कामरूप, ज्ञानी के इस नित्य शत्रु द्वारा ज्ञान आवृत है।।
Hindi rendering by Swami Tejomayananda
English meaning
It is the wise man's constant enemy; it tarnishes the face of wisdom, being as insatiable as a flame of fire.
Shri Purohit Swami
O son of Kunti! The knowledge of the wise is concealed by this eternal foe, which appears desirable yet is insatiable like fire.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan
Detailed explanation
Manu says, Desire can never be satiated or cooled down by the enjoyment ofobjects. But as fire blazes forth the more when fed with Ghee (melted butter) and wood, so it grows the more it feeds on the objects of enjoyment. If all the foodstuffs of the earth, all the precious metals, all the animals and all the beautiful women were to pass into the possession of one man endowed with desire, they would still fail to give him satisfaction.The ignorant man considers desire as his friend when he craves for objects. He welcomes desire for the gratification of the senses but the wise man knows from experience even before suffering the conseence that desire will bring only troubles and misery for him. So it is a constant enemy of the wise but not of the ignorant.
Commentary by Swami Sivananda
Hindi commentary
।।3.39।। यहाँ यह स्पष्ट किया गया है कि उस कामरूप शत्रु के द्वारा यह ज्ञान अर्थात् विवेक सार्मथ्य आच्छादित हो जाती है। आत्मानात्म नित्यानित्य और सत्यासत्य में जिस विवेक सार्मथ्य के कारण सब प्राणियों में मनुष्य को सर्वोच्च स्थान प्राप्त है उसी बुद्धि की क्षमता को यह आवृत कर देता है। यह काम दुष्पूर अर्थात् इसका पूर्ण होना असम्भव ही होता है।अब भगवान् उस काम के निवास स्थान बताते हैं जिसके ज्ञान से शत्रु को नष्ट करना सरल होगा
Swami Chinmayananda
3.39।। व्याख्या--'एतेन'-- सैंतीसवें श्लोकमें भगवान्ने पाप करवानेमें मुख्य कारण 'काम' अर्थात् कामनाको बताया था। उसी कामनाके लिये यहाँ 'एतेन'पद आया है।
'दुष्पूरेणानलेन च'-- जैसे अग्निमें घीकी सुहाती-सुहाती (अनुकूल) आहुति देते रहनेसे अग्नि कभी तृप्त नहीं होती, प्रत्युत बढ़ती ही रहती है, ऐसे ही कामनाके अनुकूल भोग भोगते रहनेसे कामना कभी तृप्त नहीं होती, प्रत्युत अधिकाधिक बढ़ती ही रहती है (टिप्पणी प0 194)। जो भी वस्तु सामने आती रहती है, कामना अग्निकी तरह उसे खाती रहती है।भोग और संग्रहकी कामना कभी पूरी होती ही नहीं। जितने ही भोग-पदार्थ मिलते हैं, उतनी ही उनकी भूख बढ़ती है। कारण कि कामना जडकी ही होती है, इसलिये जडके सम्बन्धसे वह कभी मिटती नहीं प्रत्युत अधिकाधिक बढ़ती है। सुन्दरदासजी लिखते हैं--
Swami Ramsukhdas
Key teachings
Manu says, Desire can never be satiated or cooled down by the enjoyment ofobjects.
But as fire blazes forth the more when fed with Ghee (melted butter) and wood, so it grows the more it feeds on the objects of enjoyment.
He welcomes desire for the gratification of the senses but the wise man knows from experience even before suffering the conseence that desire will bring only troubles and misery for him.
Spiritual significance
In Karma Yoga (Path of Selfless Service), this verse belongs to the Gita’s teaching on karma yoga. Here the text presents that teaching through these words: O Arjuna, wisdom is enveloped by this constant enemy of the wise, in the form of desire, which is insatiable like fire.
This verse sits inside Chapter 3: Karma Yoga, part of the Gita’s Karma Yoga section.
Chapter 3, verse 39 is part of Karma Yoga. In the English translation used on this page, it says: O Arjuna, wisdom is enveloped by this constant enemy of the wise, in the form of desire, which is insatiable like fire.
What is the spiritual context of this verse?
It appears in Karma Yoga, a chapter associated with Karma Yoga. Action versus inaction.
